Special considerations in the assessment of catastrophic brain injury and determination of brain death in patients with SARS-CoV-2.
Identifieur interne : 000208 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000207; suivant : 000209Special considerations in the assessment of catastrophic brain injury and determination of brain death in patients with SARS-CoV-2.
Auteurs : Eduard Valdes [États-Unis] ; Shashank Agarwal [États-Unis] ; Elizabeth Carroll [États-Unis] ; Alexandra Kvernland [États-Unis] ; Steven Bondi [États-Unis] ; Thomas Snyder [États-Unis] ; Patrick Kwon [États-Unis] ; Jennifer Frontera [États-Unis] ; Lindsey Gurin [États-Unis] ; Barry Czeisler [États-Unis] ; Ariane Lewis [États-Unis]Source :
- Journal of the neurological sciences [ 1878-5883 ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Acquisition d'organes et de tissus (MeSH), Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH), Apnée (étiologie), Arrêt cardiaque (étiologie), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), Contre-indications aux procédures (MeSH), Examen neurologique (MeSH), Femelle (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Hypoxie cérébrale (étiologie), Hémorragie cérébrale (étiologie), Infections à coronavirus (complications), Lésions encéphaliques (étiologie), Mort cérébrale (diagnostic), Mâle (MeSH), Neuroimagerie (MeSH), Pandémies (MeSH), Pneumopathie virale (complications), Relations famille-professionnel de santé (MeSH), Révélation de la vérité (MeSH), Sujet âgé (MeSH), Électroencéphalographie (MeSH).
- MESH :
- diagnostic : Mort cérébrale.
- étiologie : Apnée, Arrêt cardiaque, Hypoxie cérébrale, Hémorragie cérébrale, Lésions encéphaliques.
- complications : Acquisition d'organes et de tissus, Adulte d'âge moyen, Betacoronavirus, Contre-indications aux procédures, Examen neurologique, Femelle, Humains, Infections à coronavirus, Mâle, Neuroimagerie, Pandémies, Pneumopathie virale, Relations famille-professionnel de santé, Révélation de la vérité, Sujet âgé, Électroencéphalographie.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Aged (MeSH), Apnea (etiology), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), Brain Death (diagnosis), Brain Injuries (etiology), Cerebral Hemorrhage (etiology), Contraindications, Procedure (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (complications), Electroencephalography (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Heart Arrest (etiology), Humans (MeSH), Hypoxia, Brain (etiology), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Neuroimaging (MeSH), Neurologic Examination (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (complications), Professional-Family Relations (MeSH), Tissue and Organ Procurement (MeSH), Truth Disclosure (MeSH).
- MESH :
- complications : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- diagnosis : Brain Death.
- etiology : Apnea, Brain Injuries, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Heart Arrest, Hypoxia, Brain.
- Aged, Betacoronavirus, Contraindications, Procedure, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuroimaging, Neurologic Examination, Pandemics, Professional-Family Relations, Tissue and Organ Procurement, Truth Disclosure.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has led to challenges in provision of care, clinical assessment and communication with families. The unique considerations associated with evaluation of catastrophic brain injury and death by neurologic criteria in patients with Covid-19 infection have not been examined.
METHODS
We describe the evaluation of six patients hospitalized at a health network in New York City in April 2020 who had Covid-19, were comatose and had absent brainstem reflexes.
RESULTS
Four males and two females with a median age of 58.5 (IQR 47-68) were evaluated for catastrophic brain injury due to stroke and/or global anoxic injury at a median of 14 days (IQR 13-18) after admission for acute respiratory failure due to Covid-19. All patients had hypotension requiring vasopressors and had been treated with sedative/narcotic drips for ventilator dyssynchrony. Among these patients, 5 had received paralytics. Apnea testing was performed for 1 patient due to the decision to withdraw treatment (n = 2), concern for inability to tolerate testing (n = 2) and observation of spontaneous respirations (n = 1). The apnea test was aborted due to hypoxia and hypotension. After ancillary testing, death was declared in three patients based on neurologic criteria and in three patients based on cardiopulmonary criteria (after withdrawal of support (n = 2) or cardiopulmonary arrest (n = 1)). A family member was able to visit 5/6 patients prior to cardiopulmonary arrest/discontinuation of organ support.
CONCLUSION
It is feasible to evaluate patients with catastrophic brain injury and declare brain death despite the Covid-19 pandemic, but this requires unique considerations.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117087
PubMed: 32798855
PubMed Central: PMC7414304
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America; NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, New York, NY 10016</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32798855</idno><idno type="pmid">32798855</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.jns.2020.117087</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7414304</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000630</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000630</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000630</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000630</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000630</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Special considerations in the assessment of catastrophic brain injury and determination of brain death in patients with SARS-CoV-2.</title><author><name sortKey="Valdes, Eduard" sort="Valdes, Eduard" uniqKey="Valdes E" first="Eduard" last="Valdes">Eduard Valdes</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. Electronic address: eduard.valdes1@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agarwal, Shashank" sort="Agarwal, Shashank" uniqKey="Agarwal S" first="Shashank" last="Agarwal">Shashank Agarwal</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carroll, Elizabeth" sort="Carroll, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Carroll E" first="Elizabeth" last="Carroll">Elizabeth Carroll</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kvernland, Alexandra" sort="Kvernland, Alexandra" uniqKey="Kvernland A" first="Alexandra" last="Kvernland">Alexandra Kvernland</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bondi, Steven" sort="Bondi, Steven" uniqKey="Bondi S" first="Steven" last="Bondi">Steven Bondi</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Snyder, Thomas" sort="Snyder, Thomas" uniqKey="Snyder T" first="Thomas" last="Snyder">Thomas Snyder</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kwon, Patrick" sort="Kwon, Patrick" uniqKey="Kwon P" first="Patrick" last="Kwon">Patrick Kwon</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frontera, Jennifer" sort="Frontera, Jennifer" uniqKey="Frontera J" first="Jennifer" last="Frontera">Jennifer Frontera</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America; NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America; NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, New York, NY 10016</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gurin, Lindsey" sort="Gurin, Lindsey" uniqKey="Gurin L" first="Lindsey" last="Gurin">Lindsey Gurin</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America; NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY 10016, United States of America; NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America; NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY 10016, United States of America; NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York, NY 10016</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Czeisler, Barry" sort="Czeisler, Barry" uniqKey="Czeisler B" first="Barry" last="Czeisler">Barry Czeisler</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America; NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America; NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, New York, NY 10016</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lewis, Ariane" sort="Lewis, Ariane" uniqKey="Lewis A" first="Ariane" last="Lewis">Ariane Lewis</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America; NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America; NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, New York, NY 10016</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of the neurological sciences</title><idno type="eISSN">1878-5883</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Apnea (etiology)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>Brain Death (diagnosis)</term><term>Brain Injuries (etiology)</term><term>Cerebral Hemorrhage (etiology)</term><term>Contraindications, Procedure (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (complications)</term><term>Electroencephalography (MeSH)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Heart Arrest (etiology)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Hypoxia, Brain (etiology)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Neuroimaging (MeSH)</term><term>Neurologic Examination (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (complications)</term><term>Professional-Family Relations (MeSH)</term><term>Tissue and Organ Procurement (MeSH)</term><term>Truth Disclosure (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acquisition d'organes et de tissus (MeSH)</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH)</term><term>Apnée (étiologie)</term><term>Arrêt cardiaque (étiologie)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>Contre-indications aux procédures (MeSH)</term><term>Examen neurologique (MeSH)</term><term>Femelle (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Hypoxie cérébrale (étiologie)</term><term>Hémorragie cérébrale (étiologie)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (complications)</term><term>Lésions encéphaliques (étiologie)</term><term>Mort cérébrale (diagnostic)</term><term>Mâle (MeSH)</term><term>Neuroimagerie (MeSH)</term><term>Pandémies (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (complications)</term><term>Relations famille-professionnel de santé (MeSH)</term><term>Révélation de la vérité (MeSH)</term><term>Sujet âgé (MeSH)</term><term>Électroencéphalographie (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Brain Death</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnostic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Mort cérébrale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="etiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Apnea</term><term>Brain Injuries</term><term>Cerebral Hemorrhage</term><term>Heart Arrest</term><term>Hypoxia, Brain</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="étiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Apnée</term><term>Arrêt cardiaque</term><term>Hypoxie cérébrale</term><term>Hémorragie cérébrale</term><term>Lésions encéphaliques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged</term><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Contraindications, Procedure</term><term>Electroencephalography</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Neuroimaging</term><term>Neurologic Examination</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Professional-Family Relations</term><term>Tissue and Organ Procurement</term><term>Truth Disclosure</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acquisition d'organes et de tissus</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Contre-indications aux procédures</term><term>Examen neurologique</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Neuroimagerie</term><term>Pandémies</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term><term>Relations famille-professionnel de santé</term><term>Révélation de la vérité</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Électroencéphalographie</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>INTRODUCTION</b></p><p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has led to challenges in provision of care, clinical assessment and communication with families. The unique considerations associated with evaluation of catastrophic brain injury and death by neurologic criteria in patients with Covid-19 infection have not been examined.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>We describe the evaluation of six patients hospitalized at a health network in New York City in April 2020 who had Covid-19, were comatose and had absent brainstem reflexes.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>Four males and two females with a median age of 58.5 (IQR 47-68) were evaluated for catastrophic brain injury due to stroke and/or global anoxic injury at a median of 14 days (IQR 13-18) after admission for acute respiratory failure due to Covid-19. All patients had hypotension requiring vasopressors and had been treated with sedative/narcotic drips for ventilator dyssynchrony. Among these patients, 5 had received paralytics. Apnea testing was performed for 1 patient due to the decision to withdraw treatment (n = 2), concern for inability to tolerate testing (n = 2) and observation of spontaneous respirations (n = 1). The apnea test was aborted due to hypoxia and hypotension. After ancillary testing, death was declared in three patients based on neurologic criteria and in three patients based on cardiopulmonary criteria (after withdrawal of support (n = 2) or cardiopulmonary arrest (n = 1)). A family member was able to visit 5/6 patients prior to cardiopulmonary arrest/discontinuation of organ support.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b></p><p>It is feasible to evaluate patients with catastrophic brain injury and declare brain death despite the Covid-19 pandemic, but this requires unique considerations.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32798855</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>25</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>25</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1878-5883</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>417</Volume><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>15</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of the neurological sciences</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Neurol Sci</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Special considerations in the assessment of catastrophic brain injury and determination of brain death in patients with SARS-CoV-2.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>117087</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0022-510X(20)30424-X</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.jns.2020.117087</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="INTRODUCTION">The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has led to challenges in provision of care, clinical assessment and communication with families. The unique considerations associated with evaluation of catastrophic brain injury and death by neurologic criteria in patients with Covid-19 infection have not been examined.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS">We describe the evaluation of six patients hospitalized at a health network in New York City in April 2020 who had Covid-19, were comatose and had absent brainstem reflexes.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">Four males and two females with a median age of 58.5 (IQR 47-68) were evaluated for catastrophic brain injury due to stroke and/or global anoxic injury at a median of 14 days (IQR 13-18) after admission for acute respiratory failure due to Covid-19. All patients had hypotension requiring vasopressors and had been treated with sedative/narcotic drips for ventilator dyssynchrony. Among these patients, 5 had received paralytics. Apnea testing was performed for 1 patient due to the decision to withdraw treatment (n = 2), concern for inability to tolerate testing (n = 2) and observation of spontaneous respirations (n = 1). The apnea test was aborted due to hypoxia and hypotension. After ancillary testing, death was declared in three patients based on neurologic criteria and in three patients based on cardiopulmonary criteria (after withdrawal of support (n = 2) or cardiopulmonary arrest (n = 1)). A family member was able to visit 5/6 patients prior to cardiopulmonary arrest/discontinuation of organ support.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION">It is feasible to evaluate patients with catastrophic brain injury and declare brain death despite the Covid-19 pandemic, but this requires unique considerations.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Valdes</LastName><ForeName>Eduard</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. Electronic address: eduard.valdes1@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Agarwal</LastName><ForeName>Shashank</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Carroll</LastName><ForeName>Elizabeth</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kvernland</LastName><ForeName>Alexandra</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bondi</LastName><ForeName>Steven</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Snyder</LastName><ForeName>Thomas</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kwon</LastName><ForeName>Patrick</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Frontera</LastName><ForeName>Jennifer</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America; NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gurin</LastName><ForeName>Lindsey</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America; NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY 10016, United States of America; NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Czeisler</LastName><ForeName>Barry</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America; NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lewis</LastName><ForeName>Ariane</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY 10016, United States of America; NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>08</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>J Neurol Sci</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0375403</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0022-510X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Disease" UI="C000657245">COVID-19</SupplMeshName><SupplMeshName Type="Organism" UI="C000656484">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</SupplMeshName></SupplMeshList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001049" MajorTopicYN="N">Apnea</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="Y">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001926" MajorTopicYN="N">Brain Death</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="Y">diagnosis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001930" MajorTopicYN="N">Brain Injuries</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="Y">etiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002543" MajorTopicYN="N">Cerebral Hemorrhage</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000075204" MajorTopicYN="N">Contraindications, Procedure</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="Y">complications</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004569" MajorTopicYN="N">Electroencephalography</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006323" MajorTopicYN="N">Heart Arrest</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002534" MajorTopicYN="N">Hypoxia, Brain</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D059906" MajorTopicYN="N">Neuroimaging</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009460" MajorTopicYN="N">Neurologic Examination</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="Y">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="Y">complications</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011368" MajorTopicYN="N">Professional-Family Relations</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009927" MajorTopicYN="N">Tissue and Organ Procurement</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014342" MajorTopicYN="N">Truth Disclosure</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Apnea test</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Brain death</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Covid-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">SARS-CoV-2</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>05</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>14</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>06</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>26</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32798855</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0022-510X(20)30424-X</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.jns.2020.117087</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7414304</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>État de New York</li></region></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="État de New York"><name sortKey="Valdes, Eduard" sort="Valdes, Eduard" uniqKey="Valdes E" first="Eduard" last="Valdes">Eduard Valdes</name></region><name sortKey="Agarwal, Shashank" sort="Agarwal, Shashank" uniqKey="Agarwal S" first="Shashank" last="Agarwal">Shashank Agarwal</name><name sortKey="Bondi, Steven" sort="Bondi, Steven" uniqKey="Bondi S" first="Steven" last="Bondi">Steven Bondi</name><name sortKey="Carroll, Elizabeth" sort="Carroll, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Carroll E" first="Elizabeth" last="Carroll">Elizabeth Carroll</name><name sortKey="Czeisler, Barry" sort="Czeisler, Barry" uniqKey="Czeisler B" first="Barry" last="Czeisler">Barry Czeisler</name><name sortKey="Frontera, Jennifer" sort="Frontera, Jennifer" uniqKey="Frontera J" first="Jennifer" last="Frontera">Jennifer Frontera</name><name sortKey="Gurin, Lindsey" sort="Gurin, Lindsey" uniqKey="Gurin L" first="Lindsey" last="Gurin">Lindsey Gurin</name><name sortKey="Kvernland, Alexandra" sort="Kvernland, Alexandra" uniqKey="Kvernland A" first="Alexandra" last="Kvernland">Alexandra Kvernland</name><name sortKey="Kwon, Patrick" sort="Kwon, Patrick" uniqKey="Kwon P" first="Patrick" last="Kwon">Patrick Kwon</name><name sortKey="Lewis, Ariane" sort="Lewis, Ariane" uniqKey="Lewis A" first="Ariane" last="Lewis">Ariane Lewis</name><name sortKey="Snyder, Thomas" sort="Snyder, Thomas" uniqKey="Snyder T" first="Thomas" 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